{"id":346,"date":"2026-03-27T11:26:43","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T11:26:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-minder.com\/vi\/what-is-uml-beginner-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-03-27T11:26:43","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T11:26:43","slug":"what-is-uml-beginner-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-minder.com\/vi\/what-is-uml-beginner-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sang m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 UML, ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u UML kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb1ng sau ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

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\"Line<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udd0d UML th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

UML l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u00e0y nay, UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a UML bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi Nh\u00f3m Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OMG), \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
  • Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong> N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, gi\u00fap logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
  • To\u00e0n di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> N\u00f3 bao qu\u00e1t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung UML nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng cho m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u01a1i d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01a1i \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea1y, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udcdc L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/h2>\n

    UML kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong m\u1ed9t s\u1edbm m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. N\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Ba nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt then ch\u1ed1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ‘Ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n’, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Grady Booch:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
    • Ivar Jacobson:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOSE) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
    • James Rumbaugh:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OMT).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Rational. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1997, UML 1.0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c OMG ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, UML \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt (UML 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y. \ud83d\udd04<\/p>\n

      \ud83e\udde9 Hai th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. \ud83e\udde0<\/p>\n

      D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\nLo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/th>\nM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb topology ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/td>\nS\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      H\u00e0nh vi<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      H\u00e0nh vi<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      H\u00e0nh vi<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng logic.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      H\u00e0nh vi<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      H\u00e0nh vi<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      H\u00e0nh vi<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      H\u00e0nh vi<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/td>\nK\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp, S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/p>\n

      \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 n\u00fat. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>\n

      1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong UML. N\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • H\u1ed9p L\u1edbp:<\/strong>Chia th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n: T\u00ean l\u1edbp, Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Thao t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
      • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba (t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a) v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83d\uddbc\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1eabu, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • T\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 customer1<\/em>).<\/li>\n
        • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
        • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>H\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \ud83d\udd0c<\/h3>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, t\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 khung c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 hai h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt nh\u1ecf \u1edf g\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u00ean tr\u00e1i.<\/li>\n
          • Giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau (cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u).<\/li>\n
          • C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>R\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn n\u01a1i t\u00ednh module l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            4. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai \ud83c\udf10<\/h3>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai cho th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat (ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • N\u00fat:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/li>\n
            • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u00fat.<\/li>\n
            • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \ud83d\udd04 T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi<\/h2>\n

              C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>\n

              1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \ud83c\udfaf<\/h3>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u201ct\u00e1c nh\u00e2n\u201d (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i) v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng que. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
              • Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh elip. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n
              • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o tham gia v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \ud83d\udcc5<\/h3>\n

                S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau theo th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
                • Tr\u1ee5c ngang:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
                • Tin nh\u1eafn:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2699\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y sang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh ho\u1eb7c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • C\u00e1c n\u00fat:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n
                  • C\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat.<\/li>\n
                  • C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong> H\u00ecnh thoi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n logic \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    4. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \ud83d\udd0b<\/h3>\n

                    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n.<\/li>\n
                    • C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
                    • S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u2705 L\u1ee3i \u00edch khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML<\/h2>\n

                      Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng UML trong quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u1ebd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh; m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> Cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan chung cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/li>\n
                      • Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm:<\/strong> C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 logic ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n
                      • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n
                      • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> V\u00ec UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
                      • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 h\u00ecnh dung. UML chia ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

                        Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 UML, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a:<\/strong>T\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n
                        • Thi\u1ebfu c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt:<\/strong>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt khi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
                        • B\u1ecf qua quy t\u1eafc k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u UML chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
                        • Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
                        • Cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f4i khi tri\u1ec3n khai l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eabn d\u1eaft tri\u1ec3n khai. \u0110\u1eebng coi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Tri\u1ec3n khai UML trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n

                          T\u00edch h\u1ee3p UML v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p cao.<\/li>\n
                          2. Ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p:<\/strong>Ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chu\u1ea9n UML. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh m\u00e3 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
                          3. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
                          4. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Xem c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u00fang khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
                          5. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            \ud83d\ude80 UML v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\n

                            Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhanh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a chi ti\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, UML v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5p doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Trong khi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c startup nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 UML mang l\u1ea1i. \ud83d\udcca<\/p>\n

                            H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. UML kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u0129nh; n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac D\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (MDA) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sinh m\u00e3. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                            \ud83d\udd11 Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h2>\n

                            Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ecf hay m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, UML cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khung \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                            H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin. \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00fd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":347,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[49,50],"class_list":["post-346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-uml"],"yoast_head":"\nUML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.go-minder.com\/vi\/what-is-uml-beginner-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. 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