{"id":397,"date":"2026-03-26T01:12:59","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T01:12:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-minder.com\/vi\/uml-symbols-and-notations-visual-cheat-sheet\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T01:12:59","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T01:12:59","slug":"uml-symbols-and-notations-visual-cheat-sheet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-minder.com\/vi\/uml-symbols-and-notations-visual-cheat-sheet\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u00fd ph\u00e1p UML: B\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft tr\u1ef1c quan cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u00fd ph\u00e1p UML<\/strong>l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

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\"Line<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n

UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc UML, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u00edch trong:<\/p>\n

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    L\u00e0m r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \ud83d\udcdd<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \ud83e\udde0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \ud83e\udd1d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u26a0\ufe0f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh vi. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, trong khi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

    1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

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      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp:<\/strong> L\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong UML. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong> M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong> Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i:<\/strong> S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

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        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i) v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng, n\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y sang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf trong v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo th\u1eddi gian. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n tin nh\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c:<\/strong>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ea5p cao.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n

        Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt chia th\u00e0nh ba ng\u0103n:<\/p>\n

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          Ng\u0103n tr\u00ean:<\/strong>T\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          Ng\u0103n gi\u1eefa:<\/strong>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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          Ng\u0103n d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/strong>Thao t\u00e1c (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ean thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c:<\/p>\n

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            +<\/strong>: C\u00f4ng khai (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u2013<\/strong>: Ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp b\u00ean trong l\u1edbp).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            #<\/strong>: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp trong l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            ~<\/strong>: G\u00f3i (truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong g\u00f3i).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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            Lo\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

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            M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

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            \u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n

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            Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t li\u1ec1n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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            T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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            \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh thoi r\u1ed7ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cc\u00f3-m\u1ed9t\u201d; to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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            Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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            \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ea7y<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cc\u00f3-m\u1ed9t\u201d m\u1ea1nh; ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            K\u1ebf th\u1eeba (T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t v\u1edbi tam gi\u00e1c r\u1ed7ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cl\u00e0-m\u1ed9t\u201d; l\u1edbp con k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb l\u1edbp cha.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t v\u1edbi m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t v\u1edbi tam gi\u00e1c r\u1ed7ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            M\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Chi ti\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u23f1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n

              \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              Thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ra khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ngang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ed9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a nh\u01b0 alt<\/em>, opt<\/em>, ho\u1eb7c loop<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n logic \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n

                H\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi que:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                H\u00ecnh elip:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n:<\/strong> K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                M\u0169i t\u00ean v\u1edbi \u00abextend\u00bb:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ra h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                M\u0169i t\u00ean v\u1edbi \u00abinclude\u00bb:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ra h\u00e0nh vi b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 \ud83d\udd22<\/h2>\n

                B\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft g\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \n

                  1:<\/strong> \u0110\u00fang m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  0..1:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t (t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  0..*:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  1..*:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  0..10:<\/strong> T\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 1<\/code> \u1edf ph\u00eda Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 0..*<\/code> \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

                  C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho Vi\u1ec7c V\u1ebd S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u2705<\/h2>\n

                  T\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \n

                    \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a n\u00f3:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Chia h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i:<\/strong> UML kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1eafng:<\/strong> Cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ee7 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh r\u1ed1i m\u1eaft. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    L\u1edbp h\u00f3a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n xem ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u274c<\/h2>\n

                    Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc b\u1eaby khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. H\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nguy hi\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \n

                      Qu\u00e1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a:<\/strong>T\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      B\u1ecf qua v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi:<\/strong>Qu\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn logic kinh doanh c\u1ea5p cao v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 sai:<\/strong>Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      Thi\u1ebfu b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      Nh\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n chung chung nh\u01b0 \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cL\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u201d thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cT\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      T\u00edch h\u1ee3p UML v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                      UML kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. \n

                        Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                      2. \n

                        Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp v\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                      3. \n

                        Tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                      4. \n

                        Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                      5. \n

                        B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng cao \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

                        Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, UML h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1eafn th\u1ebb v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • \n

                          Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <<entity>>). Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a UML cho c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                        • \n

                          Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1eafn th\u1ebb:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:{readonly}<\/code>). Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                        • \n

                          R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Vi\u1ebft trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c nh\u1ecdn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:{max=10}<\/code>). Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                          Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giao ti\u1ebfp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Khi t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n \u00edt ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng ghi nh\u1edb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o\u76f4\u89c9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                          H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a UML l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5, h\u00e3y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a n\u00f3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p mong mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

                          B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":398,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c quan cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n UML v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng ghi nh\u1edb tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y. Ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[49,50],"class_list":["post-397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-uml"],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c quan cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n UML v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng ghi nh\u1edb tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y. Ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.go-minder.com\/vi\/uml-symbols-and-notations-visual-cheat-sheet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c quan cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n UML v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng ghi nh\u1edb tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y. 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