![\"Cartoon](\"https:\/\/www.go-minder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/uml-agile-teams-lightweight-modeling-infographic.jpg\"\/)
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\nHi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa UML v\u00e0 Agile \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Agile, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi UML. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, UML g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall, n\u01a1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Agile, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t sprint c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i sprint. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i Agile t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ecf qua l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y coi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp thay v\u00ec t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng chi ph\u00ed t\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong v\u00f2ng n\u0103m ph\u00fat, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/h3>\n\n- UML truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
- UML Agile:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
- M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau:<\/strong> Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft; Agile h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Agile, h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sang t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint. Khi cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u1ebft th\u00fac, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. \ud83d\udcc9<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho c\u00e1c sprint \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n
Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 nhau. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Agile, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n
1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \ud83d\udccb<\/h3>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (actor). Theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Agile, ch\u00fang tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a ai t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m g\u00ec, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n
\n- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ec9nh danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>Th\u1ea5p. D\u1ec5 v\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Trung b\u00ecnh. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt khi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \ud83d\udcc8<\/h3>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n backend n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau. Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac microservices, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng API v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n
\n- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf API, lu\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 logic t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>Trung b\u00ecnh. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i:<\/strong> Cao. Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian giao di\u1ec7n c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh agile, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng chung. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169.<\/p>\n
\n- D\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho:<\/strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong> Cao. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n khi duy tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf khi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
4. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u23f3<\/h3>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “giao h\u00e0ng” tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00e3 “thanh to\u00e1n”. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i logic trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n
\n- D\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho:<\/strong>Logic quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>Trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn Cao.<\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Cao. Logic kinh doanh hi\u1ebfm khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Tri\u1ec3n khai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p sprint \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh agile \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u khi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian sprint \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o th\u00f3i quen h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n
\u0110\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p sprint hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1eebng lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thanh to\u00e1n. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1ecf ra cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i v\u1ebd h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/h3>\n
M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ea5p cao. L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1eb7p (pair programming) t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1eb7p. Hai nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m. B\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang r\u1ebb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ee9t \u0111i v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n
Li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (backlog) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00fang. Trong m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, h\u00e3y bao g\u1ed3m tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra li\u00ean k\u1ebft theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00e9o (pull request), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n
\n\n\nHo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/th>\n Vai tr\u00f2 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/th>\n T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n\nTinh ch\u1ec9nh danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/td>\n C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5p cao<\/td>\n Theo m\u1ed7i Sprint<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nL\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Sprint<\/td>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1\/lu\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n Theo t\u1eebng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n (ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nPh\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/td>\n B\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o\/B\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng<\/td>\n Theo nhu c\u1ea7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nXem x\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/td>\n X\u00e1c minh l\u1edbp\/C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\n Theo t\u1eebng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00e9o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nTr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c b\u1eaby ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \ud83d\udea7<\/h2>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n
1. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n
R\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o bao qu\u00e1t m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi tham gia thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1eb9p. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa trong ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft cho sprint hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
2. B\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o. N\u1ebfu m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, n\u00f3 n\u00ean b\u1ecb x\u00f3a kh\u1ecfi kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n
3. Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/h3>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft. Tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n
4. Gi\u1ea5u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00fang trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ri\u00eang t\u01b0 s\u1ebd v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chia s\u1ebb hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. H\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 truy c\u1eadp trong c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c wiki chung. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp. T\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
L\u1ee3i \u00edch giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c quan \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
L\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a UML trong Agile l\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean mang t\u00ednh m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201ct\u1ea3i\u201d, \u201cx\u1eed l\u00fd\u201d hay \u201cg\u1eedi\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh doanh<\/h3>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. N\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro. S\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kinh doanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi<\/h3>\n
Khi m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi gia nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o logic. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m quen. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u tra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n
Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 logic tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u201cth\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nhanh\u201d trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t 30 ph\u00fat v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 thay v\u00ec m\u1ea5t 30 gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u23f1\ufe0f<\/p>\n
B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n
Khi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i Agile n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n
Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n
Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng khi t\u1ea1o nh\u00e1nh, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p quy tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. N\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd sang vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n
Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a trong Agile \ud83e\udded<\/h2>\n
UML kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 Agile. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta giao ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3, th\u00ec n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00ean th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng. Chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Agile trong khi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/p>\n
H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 thay th\u1ebf cho h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng qua nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c trong chi ti\u1ebft. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, UML v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam t\u00fac n\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9ng. \ud83c\udf10<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hy sinh v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":488,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"UML cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i Agile: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch UML cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i Agile gi\u00fap qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u01a1n tru h\u01a1n. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qua c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0. \ud83d\ude80","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[49,50],"class_list":["post-487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-uml"],"yoast_head":"\n
UML cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i Agile: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch UML cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i Agile gi\u00fap qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u01a1n tru h\u01a1n. 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Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Agile, h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sang t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint. Khi cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u1ebft th\u00fac, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. \ud83d\udcc9<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho c\u00e1c sprint \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n
Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 nhau. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Agile, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n
1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \ud83d\udccb<\/h3>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (actor). Theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Agile, ch\u00fang tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a ai t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m g\u00ec, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n
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- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ec9nh danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>Th\u1ea5p. D\u1ec5 v\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Trung b\u00ecnh. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt khi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \ud83d\udcc8<\/h3>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n backend n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau. Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac microservices, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng API v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n
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- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf API, lu\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 logic t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>Trung b\u00ecnh. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i:<\/strong> Cao. Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian giao di\u1ec7n c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh agile, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng chung. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169.<\/p>\n
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- D\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho:<\/strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong> Cao. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n khi duy tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf khi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
4. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u23f3<\/h3>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “giao h\u00e0ng” tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00e3 “thanh to\u00e1n”. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i logic trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n
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- D\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho:<\/strong>Logic quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>Trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn Cao.<\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Cao. Logic kinh doanh hi\u1ebfm khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Tri\u1ec3n khai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p sprint \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh agile \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u khi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian sprint \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o th\u00f3i quen h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n
\u0110\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p sprint hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1eebng lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thanh to\u00e1n. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1ecf ra cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i v\u1ebd h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/h3>\n
M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ea5p cao. L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1eb7p (pair programming) t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1eb7p. Hai nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m. B\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang r\u1ebb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ee9t \u0111i v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n
Li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (backlog) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00fang. Trong m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, h\u00e3y bao g\u1ed3m tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra li\u00ean k\u1ebft theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00e9o (pull request), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n
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\n \nHo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/th>\n Vai tr\u00f2 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/th>\n T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Tinh ch\u1ec9nh danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/td>\n C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5p cao<\/td>\n Theo m\u1ed7i Sprint<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Sprint<\/td>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1\/lu\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n Theo t\u1eebng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n (ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/td>\n B\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o\/B\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng<\/td>\n Theo nhu c\u1ea7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Xem x\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/td>\n X\u00e1c minh l\u1edbp\/C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\n Theo t\u1eebng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00e9o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c b\u1eaby ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \ud83d\udea7<\/h2>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n
1. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n
R\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o bao qu\u00e1t m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi tham gia thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1eb9p. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa trong ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft cho sprint hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
2. B\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o. N\u1ebfu m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, n\u00f3 n\u00ean b\u1ecb x\u00f3a kh\u1ecfi kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n
3. Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/h3>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft. Tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n
4. Gi\u1ea5u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00fang trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ri\u00eang t\u01b0 s\u1ebd v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chia s\u1ebb hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. H\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 truy c\u1eadp trong c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c wiki chung. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp. T\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
L\u1ee3i \u00edch giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c quan \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
L\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a UML trong Agile l\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean mang t\u00ednh m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201ct\u1ea3i\u201d, \u201cx\u1eed l\u00fd\u201d hay \u201cg\u1eedi\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh doanh<\/h3>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. N\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro. S\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kinh doanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi<\/h3>\n
Khi m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi gia nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o logic. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m quen. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u tra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n
Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 logic tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u201cth\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nhanh\u201d trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t 30 ph\u00fat v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 thay v\u00ec m\u1ea5t 30 gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u23f1\ufe0f<\/p>\n
B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n
Khi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i Agile n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n
Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n
Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng khi t\u1ea1o nh\u00e1nh, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p quy tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. N\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd sang vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n
Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a trong Agile \ud83e\udded<\/h2>\n
UML kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 Agile. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta giao ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3, th\u00ec n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00ean th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng. Chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Agile trong khi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/p>\n
H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 thay th\u1ebf cho h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng qua nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c trong chi ti\u1ebft. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, UML v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam t\u00fac n\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9ng. \ud83c\udf10<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hy sinh v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":488,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"UML cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i Agile: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch UML cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i Agile gi\u00fap qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u01a1n tru h\u01a1n. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qua c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0. \ud83d\ude80","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[49,50],"class_list":["post-487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-uml"],"yoast_head":"\n
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- \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong> Cao. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n khi duy tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>Trung b\u00ecnh. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>Th\u1ea5p. D\u1ec5 v\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/li>\n