{"id":489,"date":"2026-03-22T14:02:37","date_gmt":"2026-03-22T14:02:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-minder.com\/vi\/activity-diagrams-uml-workflows-decisions\/"},"modified":"2026-03-22T14:02:37","modified_gmt":"2026-03-22T14:02:37","slug":"activity-diagrams-uml-workflows-decisions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-minder.com\/vi\/activity-diagrams-uml-workflows-decisions\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML D\u1ec5 D\u00e0ng: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Lu\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 C\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec3m Ra Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a logic l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng hay l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin duy nh\u1ea5t. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 logic ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

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\"Line<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi trong Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t (UML). N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y sang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh, x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0110\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
  • Lu\u1ed3ng Quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
  • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng di chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0oai<\/em>t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/em>x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, logic thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udd27<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. M\u1ed7i k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00e3.<\/p>\n

    1. N\u00fat Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u (\u0110i\u1ec3m B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u) \u26ab<\/h3>\n

    Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111en \u0111\u1eadm. M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t n\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o cho lu\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

    2. N\u00fat K\u1ebft th\u00fac (\u0110i\u1ec3m K\u1ebft th\u00fac) \ud83d\udd34<\/h3>\n

    Quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0nh d\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u1ebfu lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac theo c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng so v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n

    3. N\u00fat Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng) \ud83d\udfe6<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh con ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nh\u00e3n b\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p n\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cG\u1eedi Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o\u201d.<\/p>\n

    4. N\u00fat Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (H\u00ecnh thoi) \ud83d\udcd0<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh thoi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd logic nh\u00e1nh. N\u00f3 chia t\u00e1ch lu\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ed9p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng, n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh UML th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea1nh ra, m\u1ed7i c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

    5. N\u00fat G\u1ed9p (H\u00ecnh thoi) \ud83d\udcd0<\/h3>\n

    D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n logic n\u00e0o; ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    6. N\u00fat Chia v\u00e0 N\u00fat G\u1ed9p (Thanh) \u23f8\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

    Nh\u1eefng thanh \u0111en d\u00e0y n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Chia:<\/strong>T\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
    • G\u1ed9p:<\/strong>Ch\u1edd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      7. N\u00fat \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (H\u1ed9p) \ud83d\udce6<\/h3>\n

      Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00fat h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

      T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i \ud83c\udfca\u200d\u2642\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      Khi quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1eb3ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1edb h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n. C\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ai ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo chi\u1ec1u ngang ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc. M\u1ed7i l\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ph\u00f2ng ban ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u00e0n choKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>, v\u00e0 C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0n b\u01a1i<\/th>\nD\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho<\/th>\nL\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/td>\nPh\u00f2ng ban ho\u1eb7c Vai tr\u00f2<\/td>\nL\u00e0m r\u00f5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nNh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Giao di\u1ec7n<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Khi v\u1ebd b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong ranh gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao ho\u1eb7c giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

      M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

      C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c thi. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

      Lu\u1ed3ng tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/h3>\n

      H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea3y ra theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp theo. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee9 hai b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi song song (T\u00e1ch\/Ch\u1eafp n\u1ed1i)<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 t\u00ednh thu\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t N\u00fat t\u00e1ch<\/strong> chia lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed9t N\u00fat ch\u1eafp n\u1ed1i<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

      N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00fat ch\u1eafp n\u1ed1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00fat t\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y, n\u01a1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n cho m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o. Lu\u00f4n gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

      Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

      Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh. Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi (\u0111\u1ea7u ra). Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00fat h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

      \u0110i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \ud83d\udea6<\/h2>\n

      L\u00f4gic l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea1nh ra kh\u1ecfi n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c logic x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e1nh n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

      Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 \u201cKi\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i\u201d. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng \u201cM\u00e3 l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 null kh\u00f4ng\u201d.<\/li>\n
      • Bao ph\u1ee7 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 hai nh\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u00fang\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u00e1nh kia l\u00e0 \u201cSai\u201d (ho\u1eb7c \u201cNg\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i\u201d).<\/li>\n
      • D\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u0169i t\u00ean, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf b\u00ean trong n\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        X\u00e9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t vay. N\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec3m t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng > 700?\u201d. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cPh\u00ea duy\u1ec7t vay\u201d, nh\u00e1nh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cY\u00eau c\u1ea7u xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i\u201d. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf qua nh\u00e1nh \u201cNg\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i\u201d, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 sai.<\/p>\n

        Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p<\/h3>\n

        L\u00f4gic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p. M\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n logic.<\/li>\n
        • Chia c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng con.<\/li>\n
        • H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 nh\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u00fat n\u00e0o (l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 nh\u00e1nh).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u2705<\/h2>\n

          Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7; n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. Tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n

          1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n

          B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng. Chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

          2. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n. M\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb + Danh t\u1eeb<\/strong> cho c\u00e1c n\u00fat ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n\u201d). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cS\u1ed1 d\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng?\u201d).<\/p>\n

          3. Tr\u00e1nh logic r\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 m\u00ec \u0103n li\u1ec1n<\/h3>\n

          Nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean d\u00e0i, u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 ch\u00e9o nhau s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. H\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i. N\u1ebfu m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e9o nhau, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

          4. X\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7<\/h3>\n

          Nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u201cH\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u201d (t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng). M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i. H\u00e3y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian m\u1ea1ng, ho\u1eb7c giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

          5. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/h3>\n

          Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • M\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh t\u00e1ch ra c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
          • T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh c\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
          • C\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t (c\u00e1c n\u00fat kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111i ra) n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
          • C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML kh\u00e1c \ud83c\udd9a<\/h2>\n

            R\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/th>\nTr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/th>\nKhi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nLu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 logic<\/td>\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/td>\nT\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n tin nh\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng: \u0110ang ch\u1edd, \u0110\u00e3 g\u1eedi).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecbc\u00e1ch<\/em>m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecbai<\/em>n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbiai<\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

            Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \ud83d\udeab<\/h2>\n

            Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Thi\u1ebfu n\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Lu\u1ed3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/li>\n
            • V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m tho\u00e1t:<\/strong>C\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/li>\n
            • Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> L\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\u201d) khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. H\u00e3y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
            • Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (th\u1ef1c thi) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u). Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn ch\u00fang s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
            • B\u1ecf qua t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu hai h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd ch\u00fang theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 sai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u? H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ai ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i g\u00ec tham gia v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u).<\/li>\n
              2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng? (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o G\u1eedi\u201d).<\/li>\n
              3. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n
              4. Ch\u00e8n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. Th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
              5. Th\u00eam c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>G\u00e1n m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
              6. Xem x\u00e9t t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi:<\/strong>C\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra song song kh\u00f4ng? Th\u00eam c\u00e1c n\u00fat chia nh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
              7. X\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ebft th\u00fac:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 (Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c L\u1ed7i).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

                S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c sinh m\u00e3 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i logic t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sang m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thi\u1ebfu, kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro l\u1ed7i logic trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

                H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. M\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e2ng cao: Ghi ch\u00fa v\u00e0 Nh\u00f3m \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                UML cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ghi ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 g\u00f3c g\u1ea5p. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t trong nh\u00e3n n\u00fat. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ghi ch\u00fa cho logic c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

                C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c gom c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1ed3ng th\u1ef1c thi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: gom t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n\u201d l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 theo th\u1eddi gian \u23f3<\/h2>\n

                Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Gi\u1eef s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
                • C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt:<\/strong>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed7i khi lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                • Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  B\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec bi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh n\u1ee3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u1edbi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                  Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \ud83c\udf1f<\/h2>\n

                  Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra logic nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                  H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u01a1n tru h\u01a1n. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi hay t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169, vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

                  B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. T\u1eeb t\u1eeb th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00fat chia nh\u00e1nh, h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a logic l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ngch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":490,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 Lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f4i, lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[49,50],"class_list":["post-489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-uml"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 Lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML. 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