![\"Hand-drawn](\"https:\/\/www.go-minder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/package-diagrams-uml-organization-infographic.jpg\"\/)
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f Hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong UML th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Thay v\u00ec hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1eebng l\u1edbp hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, n\u00f3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan v\u00e0o c\u00e1c container logic. S\u1ef1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay v\u00ec b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c trong chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong n\u00f3. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i, l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u1ea1m vi trong g\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng. Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t khi h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 va ch\u1ea1m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n
\ud83d\udd0d C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/h3>\n\n- Nh\u00f3m logic:<\/strong> Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n
- Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi duy nh\u1ea5t cho t\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m.<\/li>\n
- Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau.<\/li>\n
- Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> Cho ph\u00e9p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp tin duy nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
- Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1ea7m ranh gi\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua ranh gi\u1edbi g\u00f3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\ud83d\udcd0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
\ud83d\uddc2\ufe0f Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n
C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n
\n- Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u1edbp:<\/strong> C\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo c\u00e1c l\u1edbp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng, Mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
- Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u1ec1n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n kinh doanh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n con. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u1eef cho logic kinh doanh g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n
- D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh n\u0103ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m theo c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
- Nh\u00f3m theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, Thanh to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c B\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p s\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eeb ba \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i \u0111ang qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n
\ud83d\udd17 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c g\u00f3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Trong UML, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb g\u00f3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3i cung c\u1ea5p. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9\u8026 h\u1ee3p th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao. \u0110\u1ed9\u8026 h\u1ee3p cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 g\u00e3y; nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd sang c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
\ud83d\udeab Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng x\u1ea3y ra khi G\u00f3i A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i B, v\u00e0 G\u00f3i B ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i A. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y ho\u1eb7c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng:<\/p>\n
\n- Tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i chung. Cho c\u1ea3 hai g\u00f3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o giao di\u1ec7n thay v\u00ec ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m:<\/strong> Di chuy\u1ec3n logic chung sang m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
- Xem x\u00e9t ranh gi\u1edbi:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hai g\u00f3i l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\ud83d\udcc9 Quan h\u1ec7 Nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o so v\u1edbi Quan h\u1ec7 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n
UML ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n
\n- Nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean.<\/li>\n
- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n
- Li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong ch\u00fang. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p g\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\ud83d\udcdd Quy \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h2>\n
\u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u. T\u00ean g\u00f3i n\u00ean ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
\u2705 C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong>T\u00ean g\u00f3i n\u00f3i chung n\u00ean l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i X\u1eed l\u00fd Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>).<\/li>\n
- Gi\u1eef cho ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu t\u00ean d\u00e0i h\u01a1n ba t\u1eeb, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc xem g\u00f3i c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
- Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: UI_<\/em>, DB_<\/em>, Logic_<\/em>).<\/li>\n
- CamelCase hay d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/strong> Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
- Tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft:<\/strong> Tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\ud83d\udcca So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
\n\n\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/th>\n Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi<\/th>\n L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf<\/th>\n Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n\nKi\u1ebfn tr\u00fac theo l\u1edbp<\/td>\n \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan t\u00e2m; th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c.<\/td>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u1ec1n<\/td>\n Logic kinh doanh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>\n Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh doanh; \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao.<\/td>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nD\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/td>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo m\u00f4-\u0111un<\/td>\n Tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp; d\u1ec5 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng.<\/td>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i m\u00e3 chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i t\u00ednh n\u0103ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nH\u00e0m<\/td>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n<\/td>\n D\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u; tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/td>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh doanh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1eaby khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y s\u1edbm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n
\ud83d\udea7 V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00f3i ‘Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf’<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed9t ‘g\u00f3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf’ l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t container ch\u1ee9a g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o g\u00f3i m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u1ed1i l\u1edbn, kh\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ngay g\u00f3i m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p l\u00fd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3i m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\ud83d\udd04 L\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p s\u00e2u<\/h3>\n
T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c g\u00f3i b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c g\u00f3i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2y kh\u00f3 \u0111i qua. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5p qua ba ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> L\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i con, h\u00e3y h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i con tr\u1ed1ng, h\u00e3y x\u00f3a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\ud83e\uddf1 Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n
\u0110\u00f4i khi, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a \u00edt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o g\u00f3i khi c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi logic r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c khi c\u1ea7n nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n m\u1edbi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n\ud83d\udd04 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n
M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u0129nh. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n song song v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch, g\u1ed9p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean. Duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n
\ud83d\udccb Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n\n- \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3:<\/strong> L\u00ean l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n
- Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.<\/li>\n
- Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong> Xem c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
- T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i khi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean ho\u1eb7c di chuy\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\ud83d\udcc9 X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u0169<\/h3>\n
Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e0 \u0111i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n x\u00f3a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Ghi ch\u00fa g\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u g\u00f3i thay th\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00e1c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
\ud83c\udfa8 S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n n\u1ebfu b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. C\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng v\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n
\ud83d\uddbc\ufe0f Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n\n- D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c g\u00f3i t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u d\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
- Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c g\u00f3i li\u00ean quan:<\/strong>Gom c\u00e1c g\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n
- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\ud83d\udd11 Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n- C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc g\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00eam c\u00e1c l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n
- T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
- T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a:<\/strong>Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
- Xem x\u00e9t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean:<\/strong>Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n
- T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\ud83c\udfc1 Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML l\u1edbn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u1ecd qua s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":496,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML l\u1edbn: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[49,50],"class_list":["post-495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-uml"],"yoast_head":"\n
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\ud83d\udcd0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
\ud83d\uddc2\ufe0f Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n
C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n
- \n
- Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u1edbp:<\/strong> C\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo c\u00e1c l\u1edbp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng, Mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
- Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u1ec1n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n kinh doanh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n con. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u1eef cho logic kinh doanh g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n
- D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh n\u0103ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m theo c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
- Nh\u00f3m theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, Thanh to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c B\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p s\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eeb ba \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i \u0111ang qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n
\ud83d\udd17 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c g\u00f3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Trong UML, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb g\u00f3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3i cung c\u1ea5p. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9\u8026 h\u1ee3p th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao. \u0110\u1ed9\u8026 h\u1ee3p cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 g\u00e3y; nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd sang c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
\ud83d\udeab Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng x\u1ea3y ra khi G\u00f3i A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i B, v\u00e0 G\u00f3i B ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i A. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y ho\u1eb7c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i chung. Cho c\u1ea3 hai g\u00f3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o giao di\u1ec7n thay v\u00ec ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m:<\/strong> Di chuy\u1ec3n logic chung sang m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
- Xem x\u00e9t ranh gi\u1edbi:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hai g\u00f3i l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\ud83d\udcc9 Quan h\u1ec7 Nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o so v\u1edbi Quan h\u1ec7 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n
UML ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n
- \n
- Nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean.<\/li>\n
- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n
- Li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong ch\u00fang. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p g\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\ud83d\udcdd Quy \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h2>\n
\u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u. T\u00ean g\u00f3i n\u00ean ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
\u2705 C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h3>\n
- \n
- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong>T\u00ean g\u00f3i n\u00f3i chung n\u00ean l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i X\u1eed l\u00fd Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>).<\/li>\n
- Gi\u1eef cho ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu t\u00ean d\u00e0i h\u01a1n ba t\u1eeb, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc xem g\u00f3i c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
- Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: UI_<\/em>, DB_<\/em>, Logic_<\/em>).<\/li>\n
- CamelCase hay d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/strong> Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
- Tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft:<\/strong> Tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\ud83d\udcca So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
\n\n
\n \nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/th>\n Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi<\/th>\n L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf<\/th>\n Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac theo l\u1edbp<\/td>\n \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan t\u00e2m; th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c.<\/td>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u1ec1n<\/td>\n Logic kinh doanh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>\n Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh doanh; \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao.<\/td>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/td>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo m\u00f4-\u0111un<\/td>\n Tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp; d\u1ec5 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng.<\/td>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i m\u00e3 chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i t\u00ednh n\u0103ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n H\u00e0m<\/td>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n<\/td>\n D\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u; tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/td>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh doanh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1eaby khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y s\u1edbm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n
\ud83d\udea7 V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00f3i ‘Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf’<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed9t ‘g\u00f3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf’ l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t container ch\u1ee9a g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o g\u00f3i m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u1ed1i l\u1edbn, kh\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ngay g\u00f3i m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p l\u00fd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3i m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
\ud83d\udd04 L\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p s\u00e2u<\/h3>\n
T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c g\u00f3i b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c g\u00f3i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2y kh\u00f3 \u0111i qua. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5p qua ba ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> L\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i con, h\u00e3y h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i con tr\u1ed1ng, h\u00e3y x\u00f3a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
\ud83e\uddf1 Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n
\u0110\u00f4i khi, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a \u00edt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o g\u00f3i khi c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi logic r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c khi c\u1ea7n nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n m\u1edbi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n
\ud83d\udd04 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n
M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u0129nh. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n song song v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch, g\u1ed9p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean. Duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n
\ud83d\udccb Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n
- \n
- \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3:<\/strong> L\u00ean l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n
- Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.<\/li>\n
- Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong> Xem c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
- T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i khi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean ho\u1eb7c di chuy\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\ud83d\udcc9 X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u0169<\/h3>\n
Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e0 \u0111i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n x\u00f3a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Ghi ch\u00fa g\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u g\u00f3i thay th\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00e1c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
\ud83c\udfa8 S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n n\u1ebfu b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. C\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng v\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n
\ud83d\uddbc\ufe0f Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n
- \n
- D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c g\u00f3i t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u d\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
- Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c g\u00f3i li\u00ean quan:<\/strong>Gom c\u00e1c g\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n
- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\ud83d\udd11 Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n
- \n
- C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc g\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00eam c\u00e1c l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n
- T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
- T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a:<\/strong>Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
- Xem x\u00e9t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean:<\/strong>Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n
- T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\ud83c\udfc1 Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML l\u1edbn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u1ecd qua s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":496,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML l\u1edbn: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[49,50],"class_list":["post-495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-uml"],"yoast_head":"\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML l\u1edbn: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. 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- C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
- Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.<\/li>\n
- Gi\u1eef cho ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu t\u00ean d\u00e0i h\u01a1n ba t\u1eeb, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc xem g\u00f3i c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m:<\/strong> Di chuy\u1ec3n logic chung sang m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
- Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u1ec1n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n kinh doanh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n con. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u1eef cho logic kinh doanh g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n